Definition:
Sputum stain for mycobacteria is a test to check for a type of bacteria that cause tuberculosis and other kinds of infection.
Alternative Names:
Acid fast bacilli stain; AFB stain; Tuberculosis smear; TB smear
How the test is performed:
To obtain a sputum sample, you will be asked to cough deeply and spit the substance that comes up from the lungs (sputum) into a container. You may be asked to inhale a mist of salty steam in order to cough more deeply and produce sputum. If you still don't produce enough sputum, you might have a bronchoscopy. The specimen is spread on a microscope slide. The cells of the specimen are stained with dyes and then examined under the microscope. If the stain shows mycobacteria, the specimen may be placed in culture media, which encourages them to grow. (Specimens are often cultured even if no mycobacteria are seen, because sometimes the number of organisms is so low that they don't show up with staining, but they eventually grow on the culture medium.)
How to prepare for the test:
It can help to drink a lot of fluids the night before the test. It makes the test more accurate if it's done first thing in the morning.
How the test will feel:
There is no discomfort, unless a bronchoscopy needs to be performed.
Why the test is performed:
The test is performed when the doctor suspects tuberculosis or other Mycobacterium infection.
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