Definition:
A cerebral arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain that usually forms before birth.
Alternative Names:
AVM - cerebral
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
The cause of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is unknown. The condition occurs when arteries in the brain connect directly to nearby veins without having the normal vessels (capillaries) between them. Arteriovenous malformations vary in size and location in the brain. An AVM rupture occurs because of pressure and damage to brain tissue, as well as a lack of blood flow to the brain. Symptoms may also occur when large AVMs that have not bled press on the brain tissue. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations occur in less than 1% of people. Although the condition is present at birth, symptoms may occur at any age. Hemorrhages occur most often in people ages 15 - 20, but can also occur later in life. Some patients with an AVM also have cerebral aneurysms.
References:
Zivin JA. Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 237: chap 432.
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