Definition:
Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine.
Alternative Names:
Urine appearance and color; Routine urine test
How the test is performed:
A urine sample is needed. Your health care provider will tell you what type of urine sample is needed. For information on how to collect a urine sample, see: There are three basic steps to a complete urinalysis: Physical color and appearance: The urine specific gravity test reveals how concentrated or dilute the urine is. Microscopic appearance: The urine sample is examined under a microscope. This is done to look at cells, urine crystals, mucus, and other substances, and to identify any bacteria or other microorganisms that might be present.
Chemical appearance: See also: Urine chemistry
How to prepare for the test:
Certain medicines change the color of urine, but this is not a sign of disease. Your doctor may tell you to stop taking any medicines that can affect test results. Medicines that can change your urine color include: Chloroquine Iron supplements Levodopa Nitrofurantoin Phenazopyridine Phenothiazines Phenytoin Riboflavin Triamterene
How the test will feel:
The test involves only normal urination, and there is no discomfort.
Why the test is performed:
A urinalysis may be done: Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:
References:
McPherson RA, Ben-Ezra J, Zhao S. Basic Examination of Urine. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR. McPherson & Pincus: Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W.B. Saunders Company; 2006:chap 27.
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