Definition:
Genital warts are soft wart-like growths on the genitals caused by a viral skin disease. Genital warts are a type of sexually transmitted disease (STD), also called a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Alternative Names:
Condylomata acuminata; Penile warts; Human papilloma virus (HPV); Venereal warts; Condyloma
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
The virus responsible for genital warts is called human papilloma virus (HPV). This virus can cause warts on the penis, vulva, urethra, vagina, cervix, and around the anus. HPV infection around the genitals is common, although most people have no symptoms. Even if you do NOT have symptoms, however, you must be treated to avoid complications and spreading the condition to others. There are more than 70 different types of HPV. Several types are associated with genital warts. Other types are associated with common or flat warts elsewhere on the skin. Some types have been found to cause cancer of the cervix and vulva. HPV grows well in the moist genital area. Warts on the outer genitals are easily recognized. They are raised, flesh-colored lesions that may occur singly or in clusters. Left untreated, warts may rapidly enlarge, taking on a "cauliflower-like" appearance. In women, HPV can invade the vagina and cervix. These warts are flat and not easily visible without special procedures. Because HPV can lead to cancerous and precancerous changes in the cervix, it is important that this condition be diagnosed and treated. Regular Pap smears are necessary to detect HPV or other abnormal changes related to this virus. Having both HPV and herpes virus together may put you at increased risk for cervical cancer. The following factors put you at higher risk for getting genital warts and other complications of HPV: Multiple sexual partners Not knowing if someone you had sex with had STDs Early age when you start to be sexually active Tobacco and alcohol use Stress and other viral infections (such as HIV or herpes) at the same time
If a child has genital warts, you should suspect sexual abuse as a possible cause.
References:
Diaz ML. Human papilloma virus: prevention and treatment.Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2008;35(2):199-217. Armstrong C. ACIP releases recommendations on quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75(9):1391.
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