Definition:
A tension headache is a condition involving pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck, usually associated with muscle tightness in these areas.
Alternative Names:
Muscle contraction headache; Headache - benign; Headache - tension
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Tension headaches are one of the most common forms of headaches. They may occur at any age, but are most common in adults and adolescents. If a headache occurs two or more times a week for several months or longer, the condition is considered chronic. Tension headaches can occur when the patient also has a migraine. Tension headaches occur when neck and scalp muscles become tense, or contract. The muscle contractions can be a response to stress, depression, a head injury, or anxiety. Any activity that causes the head to be held in one position for a long time without moving can cause a headache. Such activities include typing or other computer work, fine work with the hands, and using a microscope. Sleeping in a cold room or sleeping with the neck in an abnormal position may also trigger a tension headache. Other causes of tension headaches include: Tension headaches are not associated with structural changes in the brain.
References:
Silver N. Headache (chronic tension-type). Am Fam Physician. 2007:76(1):114-116. Fumal A, Schoenen J. Tension-type headache: current research and clinical management. Lancet Neurol. 2008:7(1):70-83.
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