Definition:
Psoriasis is a common skin condition that causes skin redness and irritation. Most persons with psoriasis have thick, red skin with flaky, silver-white patches called scales. See also: Guttate psoriasis
Alternative Names:
Plaque psoriasis
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Psoriasis is a very common condition. The disorder may affect people of any age, but it most commonly begins between ages 15 and 35. It can appear suddenly or slowly. In many cases, psoriasis goes away and then flares up again repeatedly over time. The condition is not contagious. Psoriasis seems to be an inherited disorder. That means it is passed down through families. Doctors think it probably occurs when the body's immune system mistakes healthy cells for dangerous substances. See: Inflammatory response Skin cells grow deep in the skin and normally rise to the surface about once a month. In persons with psoriasis, this process is too fast and dead skin cells build up on the skin's surface. Psoriasis may affect any or all parts of the skin. There are five main types of psoriasis. - Erythrodermic -- The skin redness is very intense and covers a large area.
- Guttate -- Small, pink-red spots appear on the skin.
- Inverse -- Skin redness and irritation occurs in the armpits, groin, and in between overlapping skin.
- Plaque -- Thick, red patches of skin are covered by flaky, silver-white scales. This is the most common type of psoriasis.
- Pustular -- White blisters are surrounded by red, irritated skin.
The following may trigger an attack of psoriasis or make the condition more difficult to treat: - Bacteria or viral infections, including strep throat and upper respiratory infections
- Dry air or dry skin
- Injury to the skin, including cuts, burns, and insect bites
- Some medicines, including anti-malaria drugs, beta-blockers, and lithium
- Stress
- Too little sunlight
- Too much sunlight (sunburn)
- Too much alcohol
In general, psoriasis may be severe in persons who have a weakened immune system. This may include persons who have: Up to 30% of people with psoriasis may also have arthritis, a condition known as psoriatic arthritis. Psoriasis may also affect the nails. About 10% of people with psoriasis have visible changes only in the nails.
References:
Habif TP. Clinical Dermatology. 4th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2004. Luba KM. Chronic plaque psoriasis. Am Fam Physician. Feb 2006; 73(4): 636-44. Stern RS. Psoralen and ultraviolet a light therapy for psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Aug 16;357(7):682-90. Review. Menter A, Griffiths CE. Current and future management of psoriasis. Lancet. 2007 Jul 21;370(9583):272-84.
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